The Transylvanian Saxon population has been steadily decreasing since World War II as they started leaving the territory of present-day Romania en masse during and after World War II, relocating initially to Austria, then predominantly to southern Germany (especially in Bavaria). The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Although many of these fortified churches have fallen into either decay or ruin, nowadays the south-eastern region of Transylvania still has one of the highest density of existing fortified churches from the 13th to 16th centuries[30] as more than 150 villages in the area count various types of fortified churches in good shape, seven of them being included in the UNESCO World Heritage under the name of Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania. ersten Halter des Namens geben, gibt es, Some researchers think that surname meanings are of little value beyond the Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages General site on the Transylvanian Saxons General forum for the Transylvanian Saxons In the 18th and 19th centuries Sephardic and Orthodox communities emerged in the Banat and the . In 2017, after years of international travel, Marlene Stanciu and her partner Alex Herberth, who both have maternal Saxon heritage, moved to the large Saxon village of Cincu (Groschenk in German) to live in the former home of Stancius Saxon grandparents. Also Those areas pertained to the neighbouring and emerging Romanian medieval principalities of Moldavia (to the east) and Wallachia (to the south). Its 2018 U.S. Census population estimate is 34,215. . His family claimed descent from the royal house of David. Good luck in your hunt! This word in Romanian means 'bushy beard.'. Arbeit-verwandt (der Berufsname oder auch eine Anspielung zu einer Arbeit, Although the Teutonic Knights had left Transylvania, the Saxon colonists remained, and the king allowed them to retain the rights and obligations included within the Diploma Andreanum of 1224 by Hungarian King Andrew II. Suche - Search The lowest figure indicates the approximate contemporary distribution mostly in Transylvania, central Romania, whereas the highest one applies worldwide. 5 5 In 1714, a personal union was established between Britain and the Electorate of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire based on the . We have a duty to do something because otherwise everything will be lost, she added. Baby Names - Boys, Girls Names. However, some younger Saxons, like Zakel, are proudly returning to these communities, focused on preserving what their ancestors left behind. National costumes of the Transylvanian Saxons at a folk dance performed in Germany (February 2015), The "community chest" (German: Nachbarschafts kasten) in which the Saxon fraternity held their documents, The "community badge" (German: Nachbarschaft Convener), The historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons[f], Alternative historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons, Transylvanian Saxon women in traditional costumes attempting a folk dance, Traditional Transylvanian Saxon costumes from Wallendorf (Unirea village, now part of Bistria, Bistria-Nsud County), Interior of a traditional Transylvanian Saxon house, The cuisine of the Transylvanian Saxons is very similar to that of the Romanians and the Hungarians living in Transylvania as well as to the Germans, Austrians, or Alemannic Swiss. Glck in The militia banner of the Saxons from Heldsdorf (Romanian: Hlchiu), Braov County during the 184849 Hungarian Revolution, Distribution of Saxons in Transylvania at the end of the 19th century, Saxon couple (late 19th century illustration), Saxon couple from Sibiu/Hermannstadt area, c. 1900. Eastern settlement). Structured data. This 1955 circa photo shows, in addition to the building exterior, a garden added in 1953 and a memorial to Veterans added in 1955. Abstract Records (1902-1981) of the Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons (Cleveland, Ohio), a fraternal and insurance organization, include convention minutes. In Romanian, it is also known as lichiu ssesc or just lichiu. ( Mac / Adobe Stock) Transylvanian Fortified Churches as Heritage of Saxon Settlers . I came [to my grandparents house in Cincu] to clear my mind and it just felt right I felt this was home. The Transylvanian Saxons were badly stung by choices made in World War II, when Romania for most of the conflict fought on the side of the Nazis but then changed sides to join the Western Allies and Soviets from 1944. The settlers clear the forest and build houses. British Surnames (National Institute) mannerisms). Lots has changed [in our community], Linzing said. They are still used in the Lativan diaspora. The Saxon Lutheran Church, a focal point of Saxon politics, lost 55% of its lands, and many towns lost over 50% of their private property (Gndisch 1). Obwohl die Deutungen nur genaue Ausknfte ber den The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. [36] In the case of the first settlement (i.e. The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (1141-1162). They are a combination of German settlers from multiple regions along the river Mosel in Germany, which settled in Transylvania in the 11 th century. 4 of these people had two surnames. Transylvania in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The surname Barbaneagra is composed of two words: "barba", which means beard, and "neagra", which is the Romanian form for "negru", meaning black. I cant explain this kind of attachment, Stanciu said. "Transylvanian-Saxons: a very brief introduction on their history", "Saii sibieni care dein recordul la atragerea de fonduri europene", "Romnii, n Transilvania, pe urmele Prinului Charles; strinii, pe urmele tradiiilor pierdute", "Strinii ne dau bani pentru a salva patrimoniul Romniei", "Safeguarding the Saxon Heritage in Transylvania. The represents the sound [r], which exists in some dialects of Latvian, but not in . Sie kamen durch mit nur einen Namen I have given after each surname the modern Romanian translation of the elements; most of these translations are probably accurate for medieval Romanian, but I cannot say for sure. About. whlen. 5. The Saxons, long a commercially powerful force in Transylvania, were hit particularly hard. Transylvanian Saxons. Of the 101 people, 55 had surnames (54.4%). Lower part: the locator acts as the judge in the village. This 4-day tour takes you through the Carpathian Mountains and on to the Transylvanian plain as it shows you a legendary castle, a UNESCO World Heritage Village, a German fortified city and a former European Capital of Culture. These German settlers were invited by Gza II. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. For decades, the . Carmen Schuster has transformed a traditional Saxon complex in the town of Cincor into guesthouses (Credit: Stephen McGrath). Braov/Kronstadt was more populous compared to Sibiu/Hermannstadt but historically the latter remained the most important town in Transylvania for the Transylvanian Saxons (as a well as a very important town for the Transylvanian Romanians). For centuries, the main tasks of the Transylvanian Saxons during the High Middle Ages were to protect the easternmost frontiers of the former Kingdom of Hungary against certain invading migratory Asiatic peoples, to bring more agriculture to the region, to instil Central European culture, enhance trade, and boost urbanisation and overall economic development. They lived from about the year 550 until 1066, although a small fraction survived after that. An alternative term for them in standard German is also 'wehrkirchen' (i.e. people-related (personal names linked in some form "son of" or Die Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages ; General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . It is an attachment felt by many with roots in this ancient community. The destination is usually supposed to have been Prignitz, Uckermark, and Pomerania, but a minor alternative theory suggests settlement in Transylvania.[24][25][26]. Building them was a shared community effort and worthy journey, but it hasnt been easy. After the fall of communism in 1989, around 90% of the Saxons who remained fled Transylvania within a few months. The anthem is also known as Siebenbrgen, Land des Segens (literally Transylvania, land of blessings).[57]. The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (Jerman) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons (Jerman) It is, therefore, very important to highlight the fact that not all Transylvanian Saxon settlers were German-speaking given the fact that they also stemmed from the contemporary Low Countries (i.e. In the Middle Ages, there were around 300 fortified Saxon churches in Transylvania; now only half of them still stand (Credit: Stephen McGrath). Today, Romanias Saxon population is around just 12,000, most of whom are elderly. Saxons who had fought on behalf of the Third Reich were often left marooned in Germany and unwanted by the new authorities in . original holder of the name, there are, Neben den in der Heimat gewachsenen Nachnamen nimmt die Liste von A vocabulary list of the Transylvanian Saxon dialect spoken in Zeiden (Codlea) presented by Gert-Werner Liess. Most Common Romanian Surnames The similarities with Luxembourgish are both in lexical nature and grammar nature. Entire Site It was written and composed in the mid 19th century. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen[6][7] or simply Soxen, singularly Sox or Soax; Transylvanian Landler: Soxn or Soxisch; Romanian: Sai ardeleni, sai transilvneni/transilvani; Hungarian: erdlyi szszok) are a people of mainly German ethnicity (and overall Germanic origin; mostly Luxembourgish) who settled in Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania, German: Siebenbrgen or Transsilvanien, Latin: Transsilvania, Septem Castra or Septem Castrensis, Medieval Latin: Trnsylvnia) in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. A common interpretation of the tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin, dated to 26 June 1284 and recorded in Hamelin records that (the earliest of such records dating from 1384: "It is 100 years since our children left") when a group of 130 children from the town of Hamelin (German: Hameln), in present-day Lower Saxony, were led away from their hometown by a piper (who may be a folk memory of a lokator) is that this related to an emigration event as part of the Ostsiedlung (i.e. Paul Milata: Zwischen Hitler, Stalin and Antonescu. During the Protestant Reformation, most Transylvanian Saxons converted to Lutheranism. [39], The newly arrived Saxons outside in the Carpathian arch in the emerging medieval Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia brought urbanisation, craftsmanship, trade, and the so-called German law, under which the local administrations of medieval Romanian towns had operated in the beginning.[40]. Known as "Transylvanian Saxons," they occupied parts of Romania for centuries, establishing autonomous fortresses, cities and villages. Traditional Saxon buildings are a type of vernacular architecture, made from local materials and designed to fit the needs and functions of a people. The Saxons were a pious people, and the church, which acted as a safe house when under siege, was the centre-point of their communities. residence, nationality). Back in apu, Zakel gives me a tour of Casa Anna, a more modest project than that of Schuster and her husband. during Roman times, those affiliations seem to have been lost during the Dark Fortification of the towns. In February 1942 and May 1943, Germany concluded agreements with Hungary and Romania respectively, following which the Germans who were fit for military service, although they were either Hungarian citizens (in Northern Transylvania, entered the composition of the Hungarian state through the Second Vienna Award) or Romanian citizens (in Southern Transylvania, remaining part of Romania), could be incorporated into the regular German military units, into the Waffen-SS and into war-producing enterprises or into the Organisation Todt. Even though Transylvania is today a part of Romania, historically it belonged to various medieval rulers. "Funken" fr einen Schmied), persnliche Merkmale (Adjektive die den Person krperlich Today it is mostly known as the pseudonym of the German children's book author and illustrator . . Around 100,000 Germans fled before the Soviet Red Army, but Romania did not conduct the expulsion of Germans as did neighboring countries at war's end. Their number shrank to 14,770 according to the data provided by the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania in 2003.[45]. That area was important for mining in the Middle Ages. This Traditional Saxon Potato Tarragon Soup From Transylvania is a delicious, comforting soup, perfect during the winter season. In this particular process, they founded or co-founded major historical settlements in both principalities such as Trgu Neam (German: Niamtz), Baia (German: Stadt Molde or Moldennmarkt), Trgovite (German: Tergowisch), or Cmpulung (German: Langenau). Transylvania and aristocracy - if these two words bring anything to mind beyond the long-gone centuries of the Principality of Transylvania, then it is perhaps The Transylvanian Trilogy by Mikls Bnffy, three volumes relating the history of the region . German merchants arrived in the 12th century to help defend the region against the Tatars and Turks. The Sachsenheim Originally a house purchased by the Transylvanian Saxons Sick Benefits Society in 1907, the Sachsenheim underwent major renovations in 1910 and 1925. View of Transylvanian fortified church in Archita village, Romania. The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of the 12th century. . Hanklich from a local restaurant in Sibiu/Hermannstadt, Hanklich from a local bakery in Braov/Kronstadt, The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, The proper usage of the term Saxon in the context of medieval Transylvania, Medieval colonies outside the Carpathian arch, Status of privileged class in Transylvania, Loss of elite status and unification with the Kingdom of Romania, The Hungarian King who invited the first German/Saxon settlers in Transylvania during the, The small blue grey-coloured region to the north of the map is situated in present-day. The Saxons that settled in Transylvania have no relationship with the Anglo-Saxons, nor the Saxons found in the present German state of Saxony. She died in 2014. It is also very important to mention the fact that Transylvanian Saxon as a regional dialect varied geographically and, consequently, that each village had its own form of it while still retaining mutual intelligibility between themselves as well. The ALLIANCE OF TRANSYLVANIAN SAXONS, organized on 1 May 1895 in Cleveland as the Transylvanian Saxon Sick Benefit Society, is a national fraternal society with headquarters and 4 branches in Cleveland.Created by 27 men, George Sift, a machinist, served as the first president. [10], The ancestors of the modern Transylvanian Saxons originally came from the contemporary Low Countries (more specifically the regions of Flanders, Hainaut, Brabant, Lige, or Zeeland) as well as the Moselle and Lorraine river valleys, and, very importantly, Luxembourg as well, then situated in the north-western territories of the Holy Roman Empire around the 1140s.[11]. Stanciu has a background in anthropology and cultural policy, but now specialises in a range of traditional crafts, while Herberth works as a carpenter and restorer and researches ancient craft techniques. Ergnzt durch Logik und andere Forschungsquellen, u.a. . [47][48] This particular pastry is still served in restaurants and bakeries in southern Transylvania, particularly in Braov and Sibiu counties, where, historically, there had been a more significant Transylvanian Saxon ethnic presence compared to the other counties across Transylvania. The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of mainly German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. However, more than 70,000 Germans from Romania were arrested by the Soviet Army and sent to labour camps in contemporary Ukraine for alleged cooperation with Nazi Germany. We want to pass on our traditions to our children because it is something beautiful. May 5, 2018. Under the influence of Johannes Honterus, the great majority of the Transylvanian Saxons embraced the new creed of Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation. The Saxons became known as industrious, skilled craftspeople and smallholder farmers with their own language and culture, and they thrived here for centuries. To the north of Hermannstadt they settled what they called the Weinland including the village of Nympz (Latin for Nema/Nimesch) near Mediasch (Romanian: Media). The letters f and h only appear in loanwords. As the semi-independent Principality of Transylvania was one of the most religiously tolerant states in Europe at the time, the Saxons were allowed to practice their own religion (meaning that they enjoyed religious autonomy). Although the Saxons did their best to resist and even tried to valiantly fight back the Mongol invaders, their resistance was eventually turned down by the Mongols and many of their settlements were destroyed or ruined in the process. When Romania signed a peace treaty with the Soviets in 1944, the German military began withdrawing the Saxons from Transylvania; this operation was most thorough with the Saxons of the Nsnerland (Bistria area). In 1945 more than 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons were apprehended by Soviet occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia. During World War II, many disaffected Saxons sided with. The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbrger Sachsen in German) indeed have a long and storied history, and over many centuries they left an indelible mark on the region. " Popa - This surname means "priest" and has roots in both Romanian and Slavic. This surname of German origin is a variant of "Meyer," a cognate of the English "mayor". sources for similar lists for other villages. John the Saxon), Johannes Benkner (a former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt), or Astrid Fodor (current mayor of Sibu/Hermannstadt). It is believed to have Jute origin. 9. beschreiben oder auch ihre Persnlichkeit und Manierismen). Throughout Transylvania, many Saxon homes remain empty, dusty and strewn with decaying personal belongings. of those who, Noch eine Eigenheit von schsischen Namen ist das Vorherrschen von, Another peculiarity of Saxon names is the prevalence of Famous Transylvanian Saxons include intellectuals Johannes Honterus, Christian Schesaeus, Johannes Sommer, Samuel von Brukenthal, Georg Maurer, Johann Bhm, or Stephan Ludwig Roth, composers such as Georg Meyndt and Carl Filtsch, visual artists such as Fritz Schullerus, Edith Soterius von Sachsenheim, or Friedrich Miess, scientists such as Hermann Oberth and Conrad Haas, or sportsmen such as Michael Klein, Mora Windt-Martini, or Otto Tellmann. z.B. . wahrscheinlich im frhen Mittelalter verloren.). Typische Schsische Familiennamen - Typical Saxon Family Names Two Seats), Mediasch und Schelk. Johannes Benkner, former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt. This house was built by my great grandfather in 1911, and my grandparents lived here until they died in 2013 then I took over, she said. Nowadays, the vast majority of Transylvanian Saxons live in either Germany or Austria. A newspaper dedicated to the community of Hungarian-Germans in Ohio is now on Chronicling America! Like many Transylvanian Saxons, a minority group who can trace back their ties to the mountainous region to the 12th century, they moved away hoping to escape the hostilities they'd faced since . Younger Saxons like Marlene Stanciu and Alex Herberth are returning to these communities and preserving their heritage (Credit: Stephen McGrath). Meanwhile, the young couple teaches restoration skills such as traditional carpentry to local construction workers in the hope of saving traditional techniques and thus the communitys rich architectural heritage. Christian Tell, former mayor of Bucharest. 50. The Cleveland group brought together representatives of other Saxon groups in Erie, PA, on 5 July 1902 to form the . Read More. Gert-Werner Liess lists a series of expressions used in the Zeiden dialect along with a standard German translation and an explanation of their meaning. The Saxons made their mark. Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania. identifiers could change. Although the Saxons did their best to resist, many settlements were destroyed. : Out of 25 ancestral surnames, 12 or 13 look German: 1) Neumann . The earliest religious organization of the Saxons was the Provostship of Hermannstadt (now Sibiu), founded 20 December 1191. Nachnamen sind heute wichtig Individuellen und Familien ber Zeit zu identifizieren. During the 5th century ce the Saxons spread rapidly through north Germany and along the coasts of Gaul and Britain. mi.). They were given special royal privileges in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 ( Der Goldene Brief der Sachsen ). You can visit the site to browse and explore issues of the Cleveland Siebenbrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt, 1939-1954. und ihre Orte Their native dialect, Transylvanian Saxon (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch, German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch, Romanian: Dialectul ssesc) is close to Luxembourgish. Nonetheless, a sizable Transylvanian Saxon population also resides today in North America, most notably in the United States (specifically in Idaho, Ohio, and Colorado as well as in Canada, southern Ontario more precisely). The soup is made with starchy potatoes and meat, usually pork or . International, Foreign, Meanings . Maier. Nearly 200,000 Romanians have this surname. Transylvanian Saxon; in its longest form Siweberjesch-Sksesch) and remains, still to this day, very closely related to Luxembourgish with which it shares many lexical similarities. Siebenbrgisch-Schsischen Subsequently, taking into account the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany, many Transylvanian Saxons became staunch supporters of national socialism, with the Evangelical Lutheran Church losing, eventually, very much of its influence in the community as time passed by. associated with Transylvanian villages - Source: sszdied database The road to Malancrav follows a snaking path with vistas stretching out across wildflower meadows of shepherds grazing their flocks in hilly pastures. Pejmer and its shelter rooms. An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA Diarsipkan 2021-01-22 di Wayback Machine. For more than a hundred years starting in the 2nd century, the region in what is now Romania-comprised of the Transylvanian Basin and the lands to the south-was the Roman province of Dacia.Prior to this, the region had been settled by Indo-Europeans, which the Greeks called the Getae, who then intermingled with other tribes that the Romans . Original file (SVG file, nominally 900 600 pixels, file size: 16 KB) File information. The colonization of Transylvania by ethnic Germans later collectively known as Transylvanian Saxons began under the reign of King Gza II of Hungary (11411162). Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. Salt Anglo-Saxon, English. Rooms were built inside the walls, serving as food deposits in times of peace and shelter in times of siege. Currently in Romania, about 60% of ethnic Germans reported being Roman Catholic and 40% Protestant (see Religion in Romania). The new pro-Soviet government of Romania suppressed their historical rights and confiscated properties. . Transylvanian Saxons, German-speaking population that in the Middle Ages settled in Transylvania, then part of Hungary. present-day Rmnicu Vlcea) and Piteti (German: Pitesk). Many Saxon villages in Transylvania now have just a few remaining Saxons. However, over the past few decades the community has all but vanished from the region decimated by one of modern Europes greatest ethnic migrations. You should do something with this heritage by preserving it, put it in line for other people, especially for tourists, in 10 or 20 years it can be a sustainable model, said Schuster, who describes these buildings as part of her inner landscape. It has also come in contact with Romanian and Hungarian from which several words were derived. Angehrige verschiedene Stmmewaren, gingen diese Mitgliedschaften In 2011, Peters changed his surname to Espenhorst. They called Transylvania "Siebenbrg," meaning "seven towns," for their original seven settlements. Old Town Braov one of the most beautiful medieval towns in Romania. Als Gemeinschaften grer wurden, und Leute beweglicher oder Notably, it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, a medieval realm that existed roughly . After 1918 and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, in the wake of the Treaty of Trianon (signed in 1920), Transylvania united with the Kingdom of Romania, after the Transylvanian Saxons also voted for the union with the Romanian kingdom in February 1919. Alongside the Zipser Germans (also sometimes known or referred to as Zipser Saxons), the Transylvanian Saxons are one of the two eldest German-speaking and ethnic German groups in Central-Eastern Europe, having continuously been living there since the High Middle Ages onwards. [9] Other smaller communities of Transylvanian Saxons can be found in South Africa and Australia as well as South America (for example in Argentina). It comes from Lupo, FrenchLoup, SpanishLpez, and PortugueseLopes or Lopo. The lowest figure displays data according to the. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Theyd been invited to settle the area by Hungarys King Gza II; their role was to develop an economy and to protect the borderlands of the Hungarian Kingdom from eastern invaders. Founded in 1902, the Alliance is open to Americans of Transylvanian Saxon descent. An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA Arhivirano 2021-01-22 na Wayback Machine. To guard the mountain passes of the Carpathians (German: Karpaten) against the Cumans, the knights constructed numerous castles and towns, including the major city of Kronstadt (Romanian: Braov). work-related (occupation name or an allusion to a . They can be perceived as being quite related to the Zipser Saxons from present-day Slovakia (as well as other historical regions of contemporary Romania, namely Maramure and Bukovina) given the fact they are two of the oldest ethnic German groups in non-native German-speaking Central and Eastern Europe. When I visited my aunt when I was 18, I entered the house and I felt a connection, I felt that this is a place where I have roots. Like flowers competing for pollinators, its states outdid each other in advertising economic privileges and . [52] Kartoffelknodel is yet another noteworthy traditional Transylvanian Saxon delight.[53]. Barbaneagra. Everyone had left, some old people were here, and this old small community together with the state of the church and the buildings, it gave the image of a lost community.. The Anglo-Saxons were Germanic tribes who first lived in Germany (as Saxons), but later migrated and reached Britain. 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